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前言導(dǎo)讀
手術(shù)機(jī)器人是一種先進(jìn)的醫(yī)療設(shè)備,借助微創(chuàng)傷手術(shù)及相關(guān)底層技術(shù)的發(fā)展而發(fā)明。手術(shù)機(jī)器人被用于在高于人類能力的微創(chuàng)傷手術(shù)領(lǐng)域中實(shí)現(xiàn)高于人類能力的對手術(shù)器械的精準(zhǔn)操控。手術(shù)機(jī)器人通常由手術(shù)控制臺(tái)、配備機(jī)械臂的手術(shù)車及視像系統(tǒng)組成。外科醫(yī)生坐在手術(shù)控制臺(tái),觀看由放置在患者體內(nèi)腔鏡傳輸?shù)氖中g(shù)區(qū)域三維影像,并操控機(jī)械臂的移動(dòng),以及該機(jī)械臂附帶的手術(shù)器械及腔鏡。機(jī)械臂模擬人類的手臂,為外科醫(yī)生提供一系列模擬人體手腕的動(dòng)作,同時(shí)過濾人手本身的震顫。
機(jī)器人手術(shù)系統(tǒng)是集多項(xiàng)現(xiàn)代高科技手段于一體的綜合體,其用途廣泛,在臨床上外科上有大量的應(yīng)用。外科醫(yī)生可以遠(yuǎn)離手術(shù)臺(tái)操縱機(jī)器進(jìn)行手術(shù),完全不同于傳統(tǒng)的手術(shù)概念,在世界微創(chuàng)外科領(lǐng)域是當(dāng)之無愧的革命性外科手術(shù)工具。
經(jīng)過數(shù)十年發(fā)展,手術(shù)機(jī)器人現(xiàn)在主要用于五個(gè)快速增長的主要外科領(lǐng)域,其中的骨科、介入手術(shù)機(jī)器人是及其重要的一個(gè)版塊。
手術(shù)機(jī)器人市場概覽
ROSA 初探
ROSA(Robot of Stereotactic Assistant,ROSA)手術(shù)機(jī)器人是一種新的無框架立體定向手術(shù)機(jī)器人。
ROSA是由法國Medtech公司研發(fā)的新一代多功能手術(shù)機(jī)器人,自誕生以來就受到眾多外科醫(yī)生的青睞。在2016年時(shí),Zimmer Biomet(捷邁邦美)以不低于1.32億美元的價(jià)格收購了法國手術(shù)機(jī)器人公司Medtech,擁有了ROSA Brain和ROSA Spine機(jī)器人輔助手術(shù)平臺(tái)的所有權(quán)。2019年1月,Zimmer Biomet獲得FDA批準(zhǔn)用于膝關(guān)節(jié)手術(shù)應(yīng)用的ROSA平臺(tái)和ROSA One Spine平臺(tái),并宣布計(jì)劃在2019年中期ROSA Knee將正式進(jìn)入膝關(guān)節(jié)市場。這一舉措使得Zimmer Biomet成為第一個(gè)獲得腦、脊柱、膝關(guān)節(jié)三大領(lǐng)域的FDA批準(zhǔn)的公司。
專利分析
眾所周知的,ROSA家族共有三兄弟:ROSA Knee、ROSA One Brain、ROSA One Spine,對于ROSA手術(shù)機(jī)器人相關(guān)專利。筆者針對ROSA機(jī)器人所涉及的專利情況,進(jìn)行了檢索,其結(jié)果進(jìn)行如下展示:
專利地圖
上圖給出了ROSA手術(shù)機(jī)器人相關(guān)專利的專利地圖情況,從該專利地圖可以很明了的得到ROSA手術(shù)機(jī)器人相關(guān)專利的技術(shù)分支情況。
技術(shù)脈絡(luò)
ROSA Knee是一個(gè)機(jī)器人平臺(tái),旨在協(xié)助矯形外科醫(yī)生進(jìn)行骨切除,并評估軟組織狀態(tài),以便在全膝關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)中定位植入物。外科醫(yī)生可以在術(shù)前使用手術(shù)計(jì)劃軟件來計(jì)劃植入物的定位和大小。外科醫(yī)生也可使用 ROSA 膝關(guān)節(jié)系統(tǒng)內(nèi)的無圖像選項(xiàng),以實(shí)現(xiàn)與基于圖像的病例相同的目標(biāo)。該設(shè)備由兩個(gè)單元組成,分別位于手術(shù)臺(tái)的兩側(cè),分別為:由緊湊的機(jī)械臂和觸摸屏組成的機(jī)器人單元和光學(xué)單元和觸摸屏。
ROSA One Brain系統(tǒng)是一個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)平臺(tái),可用于輔助微創(chuàng)神經(jīng)外科手術(shù),從活檢和立體腦電圖(SEEG)到深度腦刺激和心室及經(jīng)鼻內(nèi)鏡檢查。ROSA One Brain在癲癇手術(shù)領(lǐng)域有非常大的應(yīng)用潛力,機(jī)器人的準(zhǔn)確性使其非常適合于腦部手術(shù)。而且,機(jī)械臂提供的精度使ROSA One Brain成為神經(jīng)外科手術(shù)的理想平臺(tái)——確保器械放置在計(jì)劃區(qū)域,同時(shí)避開關(guān)鍵結(jié)構(gòu)。ROSA One Brain允許許多神經(jīng)外科手術(shù)以微創(chuàng)方式進(jìn)行,通常不需要剃掉整個(gè)頭部。
ROSA One Spine是一個(gè)機(jī)器人和手術(shù)導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng),旨在幫助外科醫(yī)生進(jìn)行微創(chuàng)胸腰椎手術(shù)。ROSA One Spine旨在適應(yīng)手術(shù)流程,利用機(jī)器人和導(dǎo)航來支持手術(shù)。除了導(dǎo)航技術(shù)套件之外,該平臺(tái)還配備了3D術(shù)中計(jì)劃軟件,旨在提高植入物以及器械放置的準(zhǔn)確性和可預(yù)測性。ROSA One Spine擁有六個(gè)自由度,能夠靈活靈活地進(jìn)入手術(shù)部位。一旦設(shè)定了軌跡,機(jī)械臂的剛性就提供了姿態(tài)穩(wěn)定性。獨(dú)特的“動(dòng)態(tài)跟蹤”功能允許機(jī)器人實(shí)時(shí)移動(dòng),與患者的運(yùn)動(dòng)同步。
重要專利解析
筆者從ROSA手術(shù)機(jī)器人家族三兄弟涉及的相關(guān)專利分別進(jìn)行了總結(jié)歸納分析,選擇了部分相對重要的專利進(jìn)行了解析,如若獲取全部總結(jié)歸納分析結(jié)果,可與筆者取得聯(lián)系,部分相關(guān)結(jié)果如下:
ROSA Knee
公開/公告號 | US9585725B2 | 申請日 | 2013-06-21 |
發(fā)明名稱 | Robotic arthroplasty system | ||
解決的技術(shù)問題 | The present invention relates to a method of securing either hard or soft body tissue. A robotic mechanism or manual effort may be used to position a fastener relative to the body tissue. The fastener may be a suture, staple, screw, or other known device.It is contemplated that the robotic mechanism may advantageously be utilized to position surgical implants other than fasteners in a patient's body. For example, the robotic mechanism may be utilized to position a prosthesis in a patient's body. If desired, the robotic mechanism may be utilized to position a screw type fastener at a specific location in a patient's body. The robotic mechanism may be used to position a scaffold containing viable tissue compOnents relative to body tissue. | ||
技術(shù)方案 | Embodiments include a robotic mechanism that may be utilized to position prosthetic implants in a patient's body. During joint replacement surgery and other surgical procedures, prosthetic implants may be placed in a patient's body. The robotic mechanism may be utilized to control movement of a cutting tool during resection of bOne in a patient's body. The robotic mechanism includes a programmable computer which is connected with the force transmitting member by a motor. A force measurement assembly is connected with the force transmitting member and the computer. The output from the force measurement assembly is indicative of a resistance encountered by the force transmitting member. A position sensor is connected with the force transmitting member and the computer. The position sensor has an output indicative of the position of the force transmitting member. | ||
相關(guān)附圖 |
ROSA One Brain
公開/公告號 | US10881483B2 | 申請日 | 2016-05-19 |
發(fā)明名稱 | Neurosurgical assistance robot | ||
解決的技術(shù)問題 | One of the important aspects of a surgical robot of the type of the invention resides in the stability required by the accuracy of the surgical gesture, which stability should in this case be made to rhyme with a dimensional variability/modularity. The aim of optimal adaptation to the position of the head of the patient should not be met to the detriment of the mechanical rigidity guaranteeing this stability. Thus, a rigid reference structure has been set up, provided with an element (the plate), which the surgical robotic arm, on the One hand, and the head-supporting arm, on the other hand, are directly made integral with, their distribution with respect to this plate further reinforcing the mechanical rigidity and the stability of the assembly. | ||
技術(shù)方案 | The disclosed subject matter relates to a neurosurgical assistance robot including a movable box the chassis of which is provided with a rigid support arm for connection to a headrest supporting the head of a patient lying on an operating table. Accore invention disclosed subject matter, the support arm is movable with respect to the chassis between a position retracted in the volume of the box and a plurality of extended positions, and a mechanism for locking the arm in any iled being provided for. | ||
相關(guān)附圖 |
ROSA One Spine
公開/公告號 | US10159534B2 | 申請日 | 2017-01-30 |
發(fā)明名稱 | Robotic-assisted device for positioning a surgical instrument relative to the body of a patient | ||
解決的技術(shù)問題 | The aim of the invention is to cope with the drawbacks of the state of the art by providing a device for positioning a surgical instrument relative to the body of a patient using at least a first robotic arm supporting at least One surgical instrument and a second tracker arm, which is also a robotic arm. This second robotic arm is aimed at detecting in real time and accurately the movements of said body and to communicate them to said first arm, so that it compensates its position accordingly. In particular, said second arm permits to detect the internal and external movements of the anatomic area to be treated. | ||
技術(shù)方案 | The robotic device for positioning a surgical instrument relative to the body of a patient includes a first robotic arm with a device for rigidly connecting to at least One surgical instrument, a device for anatomical realignment of the first arm by realigning an image that is of an area of the anatomy of the patient, and a device for compensating the movements of the first arm on the basis of detected movements. One version of the device includes at least One second robotic arm having sensors for detecting inner movements of the anatomical area, and a device for controlling the positioning of the first arm relative to sensed inner movements and to the outer movements induced in the second arm. | ||
相關(guān)附圖 |
小 結(jié)
與傳統(tǒng)外科手術(shù)相比,ROSA 能夠輔助骨科、神經(jīng)介入等臨床醫(yī)生實(shí)現(xiàn)高質(zhì)高效的手術(shù)目標(biāo),相關(guān)技術(shù)可以造福那些要經(jīng)歷高難度、高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)背部手術(shù)的患者。該技術(shù)使得關(guān)節(jié)、脊椎外科、神經(jīng)介入手術(shù)更安全、更精確。顯然的,我國也是受益于ROSA公司技術(shù)的國家之一。
誠如領(lǐng)域內(nèi)人士共同認(rèn)識(shí)的那樣,外科手術(shù)機(jī)器人逐漸贏得市場追捧,站上了智能精細(xì)化發(fā)展、醫(yī)保政策利好的快車道,國內(nèi)各大外科機(jī)器人廠商也必會(huì)將ROSA作為重要的標(biāo)桿和對照,聯(lián)動(dòng)產(chǎn)學(xué)研醫(yī)生多方力量,不斷創(chuàng)新,推動(dòng)我國外科行業(yè)更智能化、精準(zhǔn)化、微創(chuàng)化的發(fā)展,相關(guān)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)問題也必將會(huì)成為各大外科機(jī)器人廠商的研究重點(diǎn)課題,后續(xù)相關(guān)產(chǎn)品的的研發(fā)和專利事務(wù)值得持續(xù)關(guān)注。
智慧醫(yī)療網(wǎng) ? 2022 版權(quán)所有 ICP備案號:滬ICP備17004559號-5